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      Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure Associated with Physical Inactivity, Excessive Weight, and Obesity in China: Quantile Regression Approach 

      Zhao, Yang; He, Li; Marthias, Tiara; Ishida, Marie; Anindya, Kanya; Desloge, Allissa; D’Souza, Monique; Cao, Gaofang; Lee, John Tayu (2022-03-04)

      Introduction: Previous studies exploring associations of physical inactivity, obesity, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) mainly used traditional linear regression, and little is known about the effect of both physical inactivity and obesity on OOPE across the percentile distribution. This study aims to assess the effects of physical inactivity and obesity on OOPE in China using a quantile regression approach. Methods: Study participants included 10,687 respondents aged 45 years and older from the recent wave of the China Health and Retirement ...
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      Provincial heterogeneity in the management of care cascade for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia in China: Analysis of nationally representative population-based survey 

      Zhao, Yang; Anindya, Kanya; Atun, Rifat; Marthias, Tiara; Han, Chunlei; McPake, Barbara; Duolikun, Nadila; Hulse, Emily; Fang, Xinyue; Ding, Yimin; Oldenburg, Brian; Lee, John Tayu (2022-08-23)

      Background: This study aims to examine (1) province-level variations in the levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and behavioral risk for CVDs, (2) province-level variations in the management of cascade of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, and (3) the association of province-level economic development and individual factors with the quality of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Methods: We used nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015, which included ...