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      Medical costs and out-of-pocket expenditures associated with multimorbidity in China: quantile regression analysis 

      Zhao, Yang; Atun, Rifat; Anindya, Kanya; McPake, Barbara; Marthias, Tiara; Pan, Tianxin; Heusden, Alexander van; Zhang, Puhong; Duolikun, Nadila; Lee, John Tayu (2021-02-25)

      Objective: Multimorbidity is a growing challenge in low-income and middle-income countries. This study investigates the effects of multimorbidity on annual medical costs and the out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPEs) along the cost distribution. Methods: Data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2015), including 10 592 participants aged ≥45 years and 15 physical and mental chronic diseases, were used for this nationally representative cross-sectional study. Quantile multivariable regressions ...
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      Provincial heterogeneity in the management of care cascade for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia in China: Analysis of nationally representative population-based survey 

      Zhao, Yang; Anindya, Kanya; Atun, Rifat; Marthias, Tiara; Han, Chunlei; McPake, Barbara; Duolikun, Nadila; Hulse, Emily; Fang, Xinyue; Ding, Yimin; Oldenburg, Brian; Lee, John Tayu (2022-08-23)

      Background: This study aims to examine (1) province-level variations in the levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and behavioral risk for CVDs, (2) province-level variations in the management of cascade of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, and (3) the association of province-level economic development and individual factors with the quality of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Methods: We used nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015, which included ...